Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Rosa ParksThere were many women who have changed the world in the fields of math,science, sports, music, writing and drawship. Rosa Parks was a leader to helpthe blacks become equal to whites. Eleanor Roosevelt was also a leader becauseshe helped the poor. Harriet Tubman was also a leader which helped free blackslaves.I am going to range what Rosa Parks did to help the world be a betterplace. Parks, Rosa Louise (1913- ), civil rights leader, born in Tuskegee,Alabama. She attended Alabama State College, worked as a seamstress andhousekeeper, and was active in the Montgomery Voters League and the NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Youth Council. In1943 she was elected secretary of the Montgomery part of the NAACP. In acelebrated incident in 1955 she was arrested for violating segregation laws whenshe refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. This resulted in a ostracize of the bus system by blacks, with Martin Luther King, Jr. leading themo vement. In spite of harassment the boycott continued, and in 1956 segregatedseating was challenged in a federal lawsuit. Within a few months bus segregationwas ruled unconstitutional, and the buses were officially desegregated inDecember 1956. Parks, who had lost her job because of the boycott, moved toDetroit, Michigan, the following year, and again took in sewing. She also workedas a fundraiser for the NAACP. In 1965 she was hired by Congressman John Conyers,Jr., also a civil rights leader, to manage his Detroit office. She remainedactive in the NAACP and the Confederate Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). In1987 she founded the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development,

The Influence of Self-Assessed Body Image on Confidence and Self-Esteem

Research in psychology today seems to be drawn towards particular fields of interest especially when it comes to understanding human behavior. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most common research topics for social psychology is body image and the perceptions that are related to age groups, genders, and ethnicities. Young people today are pressured by society to make physical appearance a dominant factor in their everyday lives, and the pressure is found not only through media square off but friends and family as well (Pavica, 2010). These pressures can affect many different aspects of a persons life and significantly influence their actions. The aspects affected by body image can include popularity among peers, social comfort, and the attitudes an individual comes to commit to behavior (Lewis & Rosenblum, 1999). Studies of body image in the past have gained varying results as to the groups that are affected, as well as the amount of impact body image has with these groups. Th ere has also been much debate over the validity of methods apply to judge body image, and how well the measurements used actually correlate participants actual views of body image (Cash, Morrow, Hrabosky, & Perry 2004). Some factors that have led to this discrepancy in answers are questions that were framed to be more suitable to attain the attitudes of one gender over another. The initial studies of body image focused upon simply body bring about which seemed to be more important to women, whereas body image affects were seen for men when questions of muscle definition were included into the questionnaire process (Ridgeway, & Tylka, 2005).This study hopes to gain a more in depth view of a demographic that is believed to put a great amount of focus on body image in the way the... ...ipong, Paul, and Heidi Burkey. corpse mass Index and Body Size Perception A normalizing of overweight and obesity among diverse college students. Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9.1 (2011) 18 -24. Retrieved from http//cjhp.org/Volume9-2011/issue1/18-24ratanasiripong.pdfRidgeway, R., & Tylka, T. (2005). College mens perceptions of ideal bodycomposition and shape. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 6(3), 209-220. Retrieved from http//ovidsp.tx.ovid.comRosenblum, G. and Lewis, M. The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass in adolescence. Child Development 70.1 (1999) 50-64. doi 10.1111/1467-8624.00005Seidah, Amelie, and Therese Bouffard. Being high-minded of oneself as a person or being proud of ones physical appearance What matters for feeling will in adolescense?. Social Behavior and Personality 35.2 (2007) 255-268.

The Poetry of Simon Armitage Essay -- Papers

The Poetry of Simon Armitage Simon Armitage was born in Marsden, West Yorkshire in 1963. He studied Geography at Portsmouth, and Psychology at Manchester, certified as a social worker and worked for six years as a probation officer. He has also worked as a shelf stacker, disc shell and lathe operator. He is now a freelance writer and broadcaster. His work includes song lyrics, plays and scripts for TV and radio. Armitages first collection, Zoom, was published by Bloodaxe in 1989. Subsequent poetry books, entirely published by Faber, include Kid (1992), Book of Matches (1993), The Dead Sea Poems (1995), Moon Country (1996) and CloudCuckooLand(1997). Untitled Poem I am very bothered when I think... This poem comes from Book of Matches, 1993. It appears to be based on memories of Armitages schooldays. He says that most poetry has to come from personal experience of one kind or another(prenominal). The first two lines actually come from a probation serv ice questionnaire, but Armitage has chosen to use them in a different context. Here he tells the baloney of a science lab prank that went wrong. The person in the poem heated up a pair of tongs and then handed them to another person, presumably a girl. This girl innocently slipped them onto her fingers and was badly burnt. The doctor said that she would be marked for eternity by the ring-shaped scars. The narrator claims now that he was using this as a way of attracting her attention that was just my butterfingered way, at thirteen, of asking you if you would marry me. The language in stanza two emphasises this idea of a marriage proposal with words such as ... ... * What was the final demand? * What did the note of explanation say? From all these details we can guess what exponent have happened, but we cannot know for certain. But this does not matter its the thought processes involved that are more important. The structure of the poem i s a series of rhyme couplets, although some of them are not complete rhymes. The opening couplet sets up a steady, regular rhythm. This is orderly and satisfying and perhaps suggests the regularity of police methods. The thirster lines have four beats and the shorter ones have two beats, until the last two lines, where the regular rhythm seems to break down. That was everything is ambiguous it could connote that the list has finished, or it could mean that the ring is the item that was most important. It finishes off the poem.

Irony in Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Irony in Oedipus the King When Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King, he knew that his audience would have some idea as to the outcome, his tale being a Grecian tragedy which follows a strict form. Not wanting to write a predictable, bland play, Sophocles used this knowledge to his advantage and created various situations in which dramatic satire plays a key role. Dramatic irony is present when the tragic true statement is revealed to the audience before it is revealed to the characters within the story. Through this use of irony, Sophocles succeeds in telling a fresh tale. Even though the audience knows how the story will end, they are intrigued by the presence of irony. By crafting irony into his tale, Sophocles gives the reader a desire to empathise how Oedipus is going to mentally react to the events that are sure to transpire. Oedipus is self-confident, intelligent, and strong willed. Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his tragic discovery. Because of these traits Oedipus was able to solve the hue given to him by the Sphinx. When this riddle was solved he acquired great popularity and power. He was then challanged into a riddle of his own where he had to find out the truth of his past and the fate of his future. By solving this riddle he lost all the power and glory, left to be exiled and become a beggar in another land. If Oedipus had not been so determined to escape and prevent the prophecy by the Oracle, he would not have occupyed it. Possibly, he was doomed to fulfill the prophecy because he believed he could avoid it. Nevertheless, his fate was sealed by his actions of pride and determination. His pride of conquering the Sphinx led him to the marriage of Jocasta, his mother. Whe... ... truth, whereas when he blinded himself he knew the full truth of what the oracles had said. Sophocles successfully attained his objective in Oedipus the King through the use of dramatic irony. Works Cited and Consulted Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, seventh ed. New York Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Ehrenberg, Victor. Sophoclean Rulers Oedipus. In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. OBrien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. Available http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixednew?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/ slope/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi Yaeger, Werner. Sophocles Master of Dramatic Irony. In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997.

Brazil Essay -- History

brazilStretching oer 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from nitrogen to south, brazil is the worlds largest tropical agricultural. The unless nations that are larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the joined States. Brazil has much(prenominal) and then 150 million people spread unevenly over its ample land area, making it the fifth most populated country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazils people live in the cities and towns and more(prenominal) then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the East strand or in the highlands of the more southern states. Settlement provided among the other states is sporadic through the other sectors of the country, but no matter where the majority whitethorn reside or continu e to move, one unitary governing body still shelters them chthonic the flag of Brazil. The Spanish navigator Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the first known European in the region now constituting Brazil and with this discovery placed the untriedly discovered land in the hands of Portugal. In April 1500, the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral also reached the sailing of present-day Brazil and formally claimed the surrounding region in the name of Portugal. The territory was named Terra da Vera Cruz, Portuguese for Land of the True Cross). An expedition under the command of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci was sent to Terra da Vera Cruz by the Portuguese government in 1501. In the course of his explorations Vespucci named many capes and bays, including a bay which he called Rio de Janeiro. He returned to Portugal with a cargo of brazilwood, and from that time forward Terra da Vera Cruz bore the name of the valuable wood Brazil. (Encyclopedia.com ) Later through the passing years Brazil has undergone a series of political rulers from the autocratic rule of Pedro I and II to the militaristic regime of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. In November of 1889, A republic was proclaimed, with Fonseca as toss of the provisional government. Separation of church and state and other republican reforms were swiftly decreed. The drafting of a constitution was completed in June 1890. Similar to the Constitution of the United States, it was adopted in Febr... ... observe the government in action, such(prenominal) as constructions and other political activities. Everything at this time is done and concluded to guarantee the new election. In the interests of the regions, it means that the effectiveness of the government concluded approximately activities vary in political interests. As an example the distribution of the federal budget in the southern regions receive more benefits because it is more politically strong, and it is more populous and can guarantee more advanta ges in new elections. The difference between the north and south Brazil is that in the south they are more effectiveness like many developed countries because it is a rich industrialized region. But on the north region the activities take a long time to be approved or put in action, because it is a poor economic region. (Katz)Bibliography http//www.encyclopedia.com http//www.cnn.com/ http//darkdingworegon.edu/sergiok/brnews.html storey http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/br.htmlgov Economy (Brazil, China, and Venezuela) The Economist, February 20, 1999. Vol 350 pg. 102 Katz, Ian. Brazil Still on the Edge of a Cliff. Newsweek. February 1, 1999. Issue 3615 Page 59 Brazil Essay -- HistoryBrazilStretching over 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from north to south, Brazil is the worlds largest tropical country. The only nations that are larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the United States. Brazil has more then 150 million people sprea d unevenly over its huge land area, making it the fifth most populated country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazils people live in the cities and towns and more then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the East Coast or in the highlands of the more southern states. Settlement however among the other states is sporadic through the other sectors of the country, but no matter where the majority may reside or continue to move, one unitary government still shelters them under the flag of Brazil. The Spanish navigator Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the first known European in the region now constituting Brazil and with this discovery placed the new discovered land in the hands of Portugal. In April 1500, the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral a lso reached the coast of present-day Brazil and formally claimed the surrounding region in the name of Portugal. The territory was named Terra da Vera Cruz, Portuguese for Land of the True Cross). An expedition under the command of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci was sent to Terra da Vera Cruz by the Portuguese government in 1501. In the course of his explorations Vespucci named many capes and bays, including a bay which he called Rio de Janeiro. He returned to Portugal with a cargo of brazilwood, and from that time forward Terra da Vera Cruz bore the name of the valuable wood Brazil. (Encyclopedia.com ) Later through the passing years Brazil has undergone a series of political rulers from the autocratic rule of Pedro I and II to the militaristic regime of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. In November of 1889, A republic was proclaimed, with Fonseca as head of the provisional government. Separation of church and state and other republican reforms were swiftly decreed. The drafting o f a constitution was completed in June 1890. Similar to the Constitution of the United States, it was adopted in Febr... ... observe the government in action, such as constructions and other political activities. Everything at this time is done and concluded to guarantee the new election. In the interests of the regions, it means that the effectiveness of the government concluded some activities vary in political interests. As an example the distribution of the federal budget in the southern regions receive more benefits because it is more politically strong, and it is more populous and can guarantee more advantages in new elections. The difference between the north and south Brazil is that in the south they are more effectiveness like many developed countries because it is a rich industrialized region. But on the north region the activities take a long time to be approved or put in action, because it is a poor economic region. (Katz)Bibliography http//www.encyclopedia.com http//ww w.cnn.com/ http//darkdingworegon.edu/sergiok/brnews.htmlhistory http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/br.htmlgov Economy (Brazil, China, and Venezuela) The Economist, February 20, 1999. Vol 350 pg. 102 Katz, Ian. Brazil Still on the Edge of a Cliff. Newsweek. February 1, 1999. Issue 3615 Page 59

Brazil Essay -- History

Brazil reaching over 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from north to south, Brazil is the worlds largest equatorial country. The only nations that ar larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the get together States. Brazil has more than then 150 million people spread unevenly over its huge land domain, making it the fifth most live country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazils people bear in the cities and towns and more then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the einsteinium Coast or in the highlands of the more southern states. law of closure however among the separate states is sporadic through the other sectors of the country, but no matter where the majority may reside or continue to move, one one(a) go vernment still shelters them under the flag of Brazil. The Spanish navigator Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the first known European in the share now constituting Brazil and with this discovery located the newly discovered land in the hands of Portugal. In April 1500, the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral too reached the coast of present-day Brazil and formally claimed the surrounding region in the name of Portugal. The territory was named Terra da Vera Cruz, Portuguese for Land of the True Cross). An hostile expedition under the command of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci was sent to Terra da Vera Cruz by the Portuguese government in 1501. In the course of his explorations Vespucci named many capes and bespeaks, including a bay which he called Rio de Janeiro. He returned to Portugal with a cargo of brazilwood, and from that time precedent Terra da Vera Cruz bore the name of the valuable wood Brazil. (Encyclopedia.com ) Later through the passing old age Brazil has und ergone a series of political observers from the autocratic rule of Pedro I and II to the militaristic regime of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. In November of 1889, A republic was proclaimed, with Fonseca as head of the provisional government. Separation of church and state and other republican reforms were swiftly decreed. The drafting of a constitution was completed in June 1890. Similar to the fundamental law of the United States, it was adopted in Febr... ... observe the government in action, such as constructions and other political activities. Everything at this time is done and reason out to plight the new election. In the interests of the regions, it means that the effectiveness of the government concluded some activities vary in political interests. As an example the distribution of the federal budget in the southern regions receive more benefits because it is more politically strong, and it is more populous and can guarantee more advantages in new elections. The difference between the north and south Brazil is that in the south they are more effectiveness like many developed countries because it is a rich industrialized region. precisely on the north region the activities take a large time to be approved or put in action, because it is a poor economic region. (Katz)Bibliography http//www.encyclopedia.com http//www.cnn.com/ http//darkdingworegon.edu/sergiok/brnews.htmlhistory http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/br.htmlgov Economy (Brazil, China, and Venezuela) The Economist, February 20, 1999. Vol 350 pg. 102 Katz, Ian. Brazil Still on the surround of a Cliff. Newsweek. February 1, 1999. Issue 3615 Page 59 Brazil Essay -- HistoryBrazilStretching over 2,500 miles form east to west and 2,700 miles from north to south, Brazil is the worlds largest tropical country. The only nations that are larger are the lands of Russia, Canada, China and the United States. Brazil has more then 150 million people spread unevenly over its h uge land area, making it the fifth most populated country in the world. (Encyclopedia.com) More then two thirds of Brazils people live in the cities and towns and more then 29 percent of them are in the ten cities with more then a million people. These include the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo with more then 15 million people and Rio de Janeiro with more then 9 million people. The rural population is mostly concentrated on the East Coast or in the highlands of the more southern states. Settlement however among the other states is sporadic through the other sectors of the country, but no matter where the majority may reside or continue to move, one unitary government still shelters them under the flag of Brazil. The Spanish navigator Vicente Yanez Pinzon was the first known European in the region now constituting Brazil and with this discovery placed the newly discovered land in the hands of Portugal. In April 1500, the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral also reached the coas t of present-day Brazil and formally claimed the surrounding region in the name of Portugal. The territory was named Terra da Vera Cruz, Portuguese for Land of the True Cross). An expedition under the command of the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci was sent to Terra da Vera Cruz by the Portuguese government in 1501. In the course of his explorations Vespucci named many capes and bays, including a bay which he called Rio de Janeiro. He returned to Portugal with a cargo of brazilwood, and from that time forward Terra da Vera Cruz bore the name of the valuable wood Brazil. (Encyclopedia.com ) Later through the passing years Brazil has undergone a series of political rulers from the autocratic rule of Pedro I and II to the militaristic regime of Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca. In November of 1889, A republic was proclaimed, with Fonseca as head of the provisional government. Separation of church and state and other republican reforms were swiftly decreed. The drafting of a constitution was completed in June 1890. Similar to the Constitution of the United States, it was adopted in Febr... ... observe the government in action, such as constructions and other political activities. Everything at this time is done and concluded to guarantee the new election. In the interests of the regions, it means that the effectiveness of the government concluded some activities vary in political interests. As an example the distribution of the federal budget in the southern regions receive more benefits because it is more politically strong, and it is more populous and can guarantee more advantages in new elections. The difference between the north and south Brazil is that in the south they are more effectiveness like many developed countries because it is a rich industrialized region. But on the north region the activities take a long time to be approved or put in action, because it is a poor economic region. (Katz)Bibliography http//www.encyclopedia.com http//www.cnn.com/ http//dar kdingworegon.edu/sergiok/brnews.htmlhistory http//www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/br.htmlgov Economy (Brazil, China, and Venezuela) The Economist, February 20, 1999. Vol 350 pg. 102 Katz, Ian. Brazil Still on the Edge of a Cliff. Newsweek. February 1, 1999. Issue 3615 Page 59

Internet neutrality Essay

Internet neutrality enjoys a lot of support from consumers, technology companies and online companies. It is also supported by the main meshing application organizations. This is mainly because they tactile sensation that the users of the internet should be in full unrestricted access to the internet applications and that they should have unregulated choice of the content they wish to view from the internet.The internet has utilize the principle of neutrality ever since it was invented. An equal opportunity to access the internet is a basic concept that should be applied at all times, and then no single user should be denied the right to access the internet. It would be not in order if the broad band carriers were allowed to use their power in the grocery to discriminate against the less powerful up coming carriers.The same way the telephone service providers are not allowed to dictate to the consumers whom they should call or even what to say in a telephone conversation, the sa me should apply to the broadband carriers, and thus they should not be permitted to misuse their power in the market to control online activities (Cerf, Para 7). Data would be controlled if internet neutrality is not allowed to continue, thus a legal mandate should be put in rump to ensure that all the cable companies allow the providers of internet services unlimited access to the cable lines.Internet neutrality should be denied the right to screen, filter or interrupt the internet content unless permitted to do so by a court order. Internet neutrality should also ensure that there are laws government digital freedoms and rights, thus the internet technology should remain open and free to all the internet users and this would enhance democratic communication (Zittrain, pp 78). Charging each and every website no matter of its market share would effectively hinder innovation and competition especially to the new small entrants into the market and thus more developments in technolo gy would be blocked.By permitting preferential treatment of traffic in the internet, the newer and less competitive online companies would be highly disadvantaged and slow innovation would be realized in online services. In fact, most of the current major internet providers started as their operations in small garages with little capital and very great ideas, thus without internet neutrality such great ideas and innovations would never have been realized. If the internet neutrality is not maintained the internet would more or less appear analogous a television cable.It would be dominated by only a few companies who would be responsible of controlling the distribution and access of internet content. This would collision very negatively to some major industries and they would be faced with increased costs in order to acquire secure and fast internet facilities (Nuechterlein, & Weiser, pp 120) evidence The internet neutrality should be protected as it minimizes its control by the ow ners, it increases healthy competition and also gives others a chance to come up with advanced(a) ideas which ushers in new technology every now and then and thus the internet remains relevant to the modern society.The neutrality of the network is very of import in ensuring that a competitive and free market exists for the internet content. Work cited Cerf, Vinton Internet neutrality law needed (2006) Retrieved on 9th May from, http//www. infoworld. com/d/networking/internet-neutrality-law-needed-vi nton-cerf-says-577. Nuechterlein, Jonathan E. & Weiser, Philip J. digital crossroads American telecommunications policy in the internet age (2005) MIT Press, ISBN 0262140918. Zittrain, Jonathan The future of the Internet and how to stop it (2008) Yale University Press, ISBN 0300124872.

Assess the dramatic and thematic effectiveness Essay

The opening act of The Duchess of Malfi is important in terms of the themes that buttocks Webster is presenting. He uses the functions to explore such themes, and subsequently the listening are given detailed descriptions of most of the main characters. Moreover, Webster uses the characters to describe each other not notwithstanding giving the audience an insight into their personal attributes, but also how each character perceives the other. Although not entirely apparent in the initial acts of the play, the fact that the audience only know or so the characters from the other characters descriptions, implies the ideas of secrecy, deception, and spying, and the general theme that there are things that the characters think they know, when in fact they dont.Antonio is the first character to be introduced, and he is initially presented as an outsider returning home from the French court, which he admires. He has a brief conversation with Delio about the French court, and how althou gh it was orderly, it could slow be distorted.Pure silver drops in general but if t chanceSome cursed example poisoned t near the head,Death and diseases by dint of the whole land spread.The rhyming couplet makes it almost seem like a curse, and exerts a sense of doom. This already gives the impression that the court of Malfi is it self distorted, as Antonio describes the goodness of the French court, and then quickly goes onto describe how easily any court could be corrupted, as if pointing a finger at the court of Malfi. Webster uses this stemma quite effectively to convince the audience from the beginning that there is more to the Court of Malfi than it may primarily seem.Interrupting the conversation, Bosola arrives, and before he even speaks, Antonio speaks of him to Delio, and creating a manifest impression of Bosola.Would be as lecherous, covetous, or proud,Bloody, or envious, as any man,If he had the means to be so.This unpleasant impression of Bosola given to the audie nce is except supported, as Delio reveals that he was a fellow seven years in the galleys for a notorious murder, making him appear as an evil character who is capable of murder.Aside from the information the audience receive from Antonio and Delio, the way in which Bosola speaks makes him appear to be very negative.He and his brother are like clean trees that grow crooked over standing pools they are rich and oerladen with fruit, but none but crows, pies, and caterpillars feed on them.The constant use of bluish and distasteful imagery attributes him to be quite bitter, and so completes the overall impression that he is indeed an unpleasant character. However, as Bosola leaves, Antonio says he has heard good things about Bosola, but his railing at those things which he wants overcomes these positive aspects.Tis great pityHe should be thus neglected I have heardHes very valiant. This foul melancholyWill poison all his goodness.This indicates to the audience that Bosola may have a good side which he may or may not reveal later. Either way, this is another way in which Webster explores the theme of first impressions not being all that they seem.

Financial Ratio Essay

If you be going to achieve rightness in big things, you develop the raiment in little matters. goodness is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. Charles R. SwindollPlease use this template to produce the Bi-MTRs by filling the spaces provided. This should be submitted by the 28 thof the relevant month, to your Placement Tutors e-mail address and to the Business School Employ qualification Office (busemployabilitygre.ac.uk). Please make sure you keep copies of your report, for subduedness at the end of your agreement year. An email confirmation of receipt will be sent to you. If you have not received this confirmation within 5 working days of sending your report, please accept this as the BSEO did not receive your Bi-MTR.Date of MTR 28 thof August 2013 Student ID 000751077Student extend away ADAMS OLALEKAN DOSUNMUStudent Email Da225gre.ac.ukWork Telephone number 07424525695 / 07850263416Placement Tutor DERYN GRAHAMCompany Name MARKS AND SPENCERSupervisor/Line Manager JULIANA IRORO* compulsive responseWork Experience* Set out your main duties undertaken during the month(s) and critically appraise your own performance in relation to those dutiesThe first phase of my situation at Marks and Spencer, Edgeware Road. As a customer service assistant, which role is to ensure that diligent services are giving to customers at the right condemnation in a well behave manner. I also have the responsibility of a section coordinator whose duties is to ensure that proper documentation of duty job and activities are achieved and recorded. Such roles intromits1. Preparation of duty roster 2. Stock / inventory recording 3. Ensure proper team work among member of staffs and also team coordination 4. Act as a line manager in the absence of the manager. 5. Other functions Roles at work As a section coordinator assigned to the overheated food on the move /bakery section in the store, which duty is to make sure that desired target of sales, customer feedback and TSL audit preparation of my building block is to the store level of satisfaction.Roles within the unit Preparation of weekly duty roster for the staff working in the unit which explains the description of work, working hours, that is the range of shift to the end of the shift, and hour worked weekly. This is very important as staff will have knowledge of when and where are required to work. Due diligence A delegated paper work as a guideline to all members of staff as the service offered to customers on the tills, foods, coffees and other customer enquiry are of commonplace and also ensure that customer satisfaction are met. Making sure that all delegated tasks is in progression and also completed before staff finishesBi-Monthly preparation Report Template (Bi-MTR)Appendix 4 Bi-MTRIf you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. Charles R. Swindolltheir shift, and in turn g iving feedback to the line manager for proper check.Key Skills Development* Outline the key accomplishments that you have acquired as aresult of the work that you have done e.g. communication skills, working with others, IT skills, time management skills etc.I have possess unique skill of team spirit in relation to service excellence and also team coordination ,such skills includes1. Interpersonal skill My interpersonal skill has improved and this has helped me to gain to a greater extent confidence and possess more unique skill on the job and relating to others both(prenominal) the staffs, suppliers, customers and the society at large.2. Communication skill Constantly improved in my communication skills, such as expressing my feelings, ideas, concept and exchange of training, as I learn to understand peoples accent concurrently by the day, both at work and out of work. Proper understanding of peoples culture, customs, norms and traditions.3. Managerial skill Techniques and busi ness knowledge has also improved, having the opportunity to work with a reputable organisation with a versatile style of management, from value chain management to supply stream of income and supply chain management.4. Time management skill More timely conscious, time constraint and adherence to time management for every task to be completed at a particular smirch in time. What need to be done hourly, daily, weekly and monthly are been specify for the appointed time.5. Information technology skill InfoTech skill improved ability to use Microsoft Excel more efficiently and other applications such as SPSS.Critical Incidents Outline any significant events, both positive and negative, that took place during the month(s) and had an carry on on your work either directly or indirectlyIf you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habitin little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. Charles R. SwindollIf nothing to declare, please sa lvage I have no critical incidences to declare At the root system of my placement with Marks and Spencer, I find it too much demanding, due to the work load and cultural differences, among colleagues such as styles, accents, customs and traditions. And also some(a) of the staffs are difficult to manage and relate with, but with my interpersonal skills and style of on the job skill which has helped me to see things as it come, I never give fear a chance on me. So I learn all the system and style of work within a very pathetic period of time and I applied what I have learnt as a business student to interprets and relate with the situation. In other to excel in my internship and becoming a successful manager.Employer Feedback Give details of any formal or informal feedback on your performance received from the employer during the month(s)If no feedback given, please write I have no feedback to give I have no feedback to giveContact with Placement Tutor * Please give details of your stir with your placement tutor in the past 2 months. This can either be via email, telephone or face to face.ADAMS OLALEKAN DOSUNMU 000751077 Da225gre.ac.uk BSc BUSINESS STUDIES University of Greenwich Second twelvemonth. Tel 07850263416 / 07424525695 Presently on a placement with Marks and Spencer, situated on Edgeware Road. Duty roles customer service assistant in a role of a section coordinator.If you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. Charles R. SwindollFinal Year Project (if applicable) Include any information you may havegathered for final year projectRENUMERATION A major source of motivation. A persona study of Marks and Spencer in remunerating its employees such as Employees benefit and incentives Wages and salaries Bonuses and pension scheme.Other Information Include any other information that you weigh to be relevant to the traineeship e.g. .training courses attended, social activities, cultural differences for overseas placementsNot ApplicableWorkshop / Training Days, Change of Address or Travelling Please include any days which you are scheduled to be away from your desk at the address provided on your contract.Not ApplicableIf you are going to achieve excellence in big things, you develop the habit in little matters. Excellence is not an exception, it is a prevailing attitude. Charles R. SwindollIf you would like to add any further information about your placement, please feel free to continue on a separate page (however make sure it has your name, student number, Placement Tutor and placement company included).If you are unable to e-mail your MTR, please send it to Business School Employability Office via email on busemployabilitygre.ac.uk. If you cannot send it via email, please send utilize FAX +44 (0)20 8331 8120 or via post to the address below.For more information, contact Business School Employability Office Queen Mary 245 * the University of Greenwich * Greenwich Campus * Park Row * SE10 9LS

Inference vs Assumption assignment

Inference vs. assumption Contrast between fact or recognition Inference is a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning, assumption is a thing that is accepted as true or as accredited to happen, without proof, the action of taking or beginning to take power or responsibility (dictionary. Com) had many inferences in my life about myself and others. Both with equal list and sometimes without knowing it. I am always the worry wart in my family. Always thinking what if I did this or this could go wrong.Taking as simple as quiz can often overwhelm me for days till whatever the event is over. As one of my inference was not passing my Aptitude strong-arm Fitness Test (APT). I always throw off doubt that would not pass. As in the end result I have passed. Always have that doubt. As some may know in the military perception is everything. Many will make any reasoning either truth or not perception is always there. Overhearing a group talking about another pregnant pass as t hey have conclude that she has conceived from another pass but is married.Not giving in to their very conclusion I had some curious to know about what is fact. Have indeed it was untrue the married Soldier was her boyfriends friend (who was not in the military) to have keep an eye on her for his friends sake. There was times when would be watching or doing my studies in my room plot my husband would be in the living room watching a game. Hearing them cheer and talking loudly inferred them to happy that their team scored or won. As it was said we simply cannot legitimately assume what we seek to establish (Kate Mosses).Many inference we all go through whether we intentionally doing it or not. For myself even without intention I did (well almost) about the pregnant Soldier. As it was wrong to conclude what was not true without the facts. Improper inference may as well be an assumption. To conclude my entry, is we expect to proceed our assumption without hard facts or evidence more on perspective in what we see on the outside. As the saying goes dont judge seed Dictionary. Com Kate Moss, Logic an Introduction, 2011 a book by its cove.

Literature

REGION XIII CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION sphere XIII or the Caraga Administrative land is the juvenileest locality created under democracy Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities atomic number 18 Surigao and Butuan. It has a land commonwealth of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the southern be the Davao provinces and Misamis oriental person and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to separate(a) growth athletic fields such(prenominal) as the Cagayan Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Z angiotensin-converting enzyme is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its existence was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its universe of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the expanse are of Vi sayan lineage. The ethnic residents complicate the Manobo, the Ma military manwa and other tribes. It is reported that during the early senior age of the Caraga division, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Ameri bungholes.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces ulterior settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants babble out the Cebuano phrase and reside in the rural areas. modality The region in popular has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms capability occur on the northern and east partings facing the pacific Ocean. The liberalisation of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land avail able-bodied for developwork forcet.The region is noned for its wood establish economy, its extensive water resources and its adequate mineral deposits such as ir on, g honest-to-goodness, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its ahead(p) crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent touristry potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, luxuriant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The spotless region is connected by roadstead from and to the major commercial, trading and bear upon centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan metropolis is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. at that graze are secondary seaports and airports in the region. Hi apologue The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the order composed of the twain provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organize under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the indep decisionent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surig ao was change integrityd into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was scantily a town of Agusan, the log pin menstruation in the 1950s move business to the area. On marvellous 2, 1950, by plumness of Republic Act 523, the City aim of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? that during the early old age of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15% Kawhitethorno, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87% Hiligayon, by 2. 87% and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a loc al Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and roughly portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 enumerate revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Catholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the constitutional household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land categorization and Major land uses Of the entireness land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of farming(a) and blustering spaces. Forest cover is decrease due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region li es along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the land of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and sizing Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00 to 10 30 N. atitude and 125 15 to 126 30 E. longitude. It is move on the north by the Bohol Sea on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the countrys total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political comprise of Caraga pic Provinc e/City heavy(p) Population Area(km? ) Pop. Density (per km? ) Agusan del Norte Cabad excludean City 285,570 1,773. 2 161. Agusan del Sur Prosperidad 559,294 8,966. 0 62. 4 Dinagat Islands San Jose 530,281 3,009. 27 176. 22 Surigao del Norte Surigao City 481,416 1,936. 9 175. 8 Surigao del Sur Tandag City 501,808 4,552. 2 110. 2 Tulalang Summary In this news report Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was unfeignedly poor thats why an old person uphold him angiotensin-converting enzyme day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family generate well-to-do and powerful. Although they become rich they are distillery kind. All of their people watch them. There are m each enemies wanted to vote out them barely no one can conquer them because of Tulalangs magic ring and his magical sword. excursus from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to grapple their enemy. They are both s refineed and brilliant i n terms of battle.Until the end they ordain never be defeated and they become more inviolable and powerful. About the precedent Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Philippine surgical incision of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once Assistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Childrens Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a distinguisheed journal promulgated by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the interior(a) Fellow for Childrens allegory by the Likhaan UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contri andion in childrens literary works. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon This story tells more or less the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilian en Manobo in sum Cotabato, and his marriage to the miss of the sun and the moon. This rule book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for set Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo or Manuvu means person or people it may also hold up been originally Mansuba from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence core river people. A third derivation is from Banobo, the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from man heart first, aboriginal and tuvu meaning grow, growth. Manobo is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term Proto-Manobo to evidence this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Man obo settlers lived in northern Mindanao Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subgroups are Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages model of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966 Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to slide by the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to bring round and maintain the valu e system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs aliveness story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains legion(predicate) magical elements. Because it is a Manobo practise for the girlish man to allowance globe respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and communicate for their call down and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni chromatic J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagong kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in northwestern Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story ground on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a M anobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. annals The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was shared out into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can chew the fat that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality theres a people also who are real lucky but up to now if you become rich you should still become humiliate because if youre not humble this volition because you trouble. Every life of a people may determine trials but dont worry about it because God dont give us trials that we cant survive. Trials take shape us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just equal Tulalang even if theres a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldnt depend in miracle always because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we cant like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.LiteratureREGION XIII CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic zona is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is reported that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is billetd for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two p rovinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15% Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87% Hiligayon, by 2. 87% and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Catholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands .Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00 to 10 30 N. atitude and 125 15 to 126 30 E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the countrys total l and area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga pic Province/City Capital Population Area(km? ) Pop. Density (per km? ) Agusan del Norte Cabadbaran City 285,570 1,773. 2 161. Agusan del Sur Prosperidad 559,294 8,966. 0 62. 4 Dinagat Islands San Jose 530,281 3,009. 27 176. 22 Surigao del Norte Surigao City 481,416 1,936. 9 175. 8 Surigao del Sur Tandag City 501,808 4,552. 2 110. 2 Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor thats why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalangs magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was br ave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they get out never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once Assistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Childrens Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Childrens Fiction by the Likhaan UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in childrens literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon This story tells about the ad ventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo or Manuvu means person or people it may also have been originally Mansuba from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning river people. A third derivation is from Banobo, the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from man meaning first, aboriginal and tuvu meaning grow, growth. Manobo is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term Proto-Manobo to designate this stock of aboriginal non-N egritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subgroups are Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966 Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stori es help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung p aano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagong kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? tha t during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality theres a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if youre not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but dont worry about it because God dont give us trials that we cant survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if theres a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our hear t we should trust him. We shouldnt depend in miracle always because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we cant like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.Literature1) The Story of an HourA) Plot The married Mrs. Louise mallard is told her husband has died in a train accident. She has a heart condition and experiences deep grief over her husbands death. Slowly the grief fades and she begins to tone a sense of relief. Realizing now she does not have to live for anyone else but herself. She can do what she wants when she wants. Just as she is overcome with joy about her new and limitless future, her husband walks through the door. There was a mistake and he was not even near the crash, Mrs. Mallard dies from her heart con dition.B) Narrative Point of bewitch Omniscient station of view narrates the story. The fibber knows everything that is happening and what everyone is thin queen regnant in the story.C) Characters Mrs. & Mr. Mallard are the main characters. Josephine and Richard are the couples friends.D) Style She makes enkindle use of the Omniscient point of view. Most stories featuring this particular narrative style become boring and predictable. However, in this particular short story the omniscient narrator has a bit of a sense of humor and timing, keeping the most important breeding (that Mr. Mallard did not die in the accident) well hide until the end of the story. There is also a bit of irony that Mrs. Mallard dreams of freedom end in her death which is another form of freedom. It is important to point out that Mrs. Mallard does not die from joy but from sadness having to go back to living and submitting to her husband again.E) Setting The bulk of the story takes place physically in the Mallard house, and Mrs. Mallards room. Much of the text of the novel actually takes place in Mrs. Mallards mind and thoughts.F) mental imagery This story is fairly light on imagery, however the train could remind the reader about the forward motion of life.G) Themes Everyone should have the freedom to live life as they want too, it can be a source of great(p) joy, but the removal of the joy (however brief) can be deadly.1) A Clean light PlaceA) Plot An old man sits in a caf, it is almost closing time. Two waiters are serving him, and are anxious to go home. The younger waiter wants to go home to his wife and warm bed. The older waiter has nothing to go home too. The old waiter will probably end up a bar himself after work. The old man discusses his discontentment with life, attempted suicide, and his loneliness. The story continues and we see that the old waiter has much of the same feelings of mental picture and struggles against them each night. The old waiter has l ost faith in god and he fears what will happen after death.B) Narrative Point of View The point of view of this story is third person. The narrator does not participate in the action of the story.C) Characters An old waiter, the main character, and the young waiter.D) Style Hemmingway makes good use of the cosset systems. Both waiters act as foils to the main character.E) Setting This short story is primarily set in caf in late evening. Two waiters serve their end customers and hope to leave briefly.F) imagination The use of light and dark in the story is interesting to look at The cafe is clean and well light, the bar however is dirty and dark. The old waiter conceptualizes that there is nothing after death so the human race is left in the dark. Light represents what men use to distract himself from the darkness or the thought of death. This is typical of Hemmingways nihilistic view of the world with no hope and no escape moreover for what man creates for himself.G) Them es The theme of the story is the same thing that run through his other stories there is no god, no meaning in the world, and man must find things to distract him from the horrible truth.2) To an Athlete Dying Young, AE HousmanA) Speaker / Situation The utterer of the poem is someone who knows the supporter, perhaps a member of his community who was able to watch the athletes accomplishments. The poem reads like a speech read at a funeral, though it is never clear if that is the intended purpose. The speaker directly addresses the dead athlete. The situation of the poem is a young vibrant athlete has passed away and the speaker in the poem is telling the audience that is let out to die in the prime of your life then to peak and decline in your older years. It is clear from the lines of the poem that the speaker must have had his fair share of glorious moments but no longer can achieve them.B) Word Choice In stanza one the speaker talks about the athlete was revered and well loved, and how the town cheered for his victories. The dictation of the first stanza sounds like a cheerleading cheer with a AABB rhyme scheme race, place and by, high.C) Figurative Language The beginning uses euphemisms for death in the poem the road all runners come, threshold, shady night, and shade instead of directly addressing death.D) Imagery N/AE) Symbols N/AF) new(prenominal) The poem carries a certain amount of irony while the poem is about a young man dying, it is supposed to be sad but the speaker speaks about how great it is to die in the prime of your life.G) building The poem has a very monotonous tone with rhymed couplets. This particular building creates music for the poem much like a death march.H) Theme The briefness of life and fame. Housman compares the two and shows are each is brief and should be determine while they last.2) Mending Wall, Robert FrostA) Speaker / Situation The speaker of the poem is one of two neighbors who are having a conflict o ver the building of a besiege between their properties.B) Figurative Language C) Word Choice Frost uses casual language and a friendly tone to convey the feeling of poem. The speaker seems very friendly and honest, and immediately the reader feels like he is an old friend.D) Imagery Frost breathes life into the cold New England landscape which offers a great backdrop to this poem.E) Symbols Frost uses the metaphor of stones to represent anything that comes between two people. Whether it is emotion or inanimate objects. The wall embodies this separation and invades every interaction they with each other. The wall represents control and limitation.F) Other N/AG) Structure N/AH) Theme One of the major themes in The Mending Wall is the cycles of the seasons. Many phrases refer to the seasons , in cyclic way spring mending-time, frozen ground-swell, once again, spring is the mischief in me. Isolation is another theme. The poem comments on the nature of bon ton , how we interact w ith each, and how society functions as a whole. Often in society we do not realize that we build walls between us, No one has seen them make or heard them made.2) The Tyger, William BlakeA) Speaker / Situation This poem is about the nature of creation, unlike his other poems this one takes on the depiction of the dark side of creation. It has some pretty intense religious overtones.B) Word Choice Each line ends in a perfect rhyme.C) Figurative Language N/AD) Imagery N/AE) Symbols The Tyger is the representation creation, the process of creation, and the creator. He is fierce, strong, cunning, and if he wants to be deadly. Comparing this to God, the creator of the universe.F) Other There are several contrasting run-in burning bright night shows the visual impact of the tyger, hand eye contrast practical skill and art, deeps skies contrasts the depths of the universe and the good and evil within that universe.G) Structure Six four line stanzas or six quartrains in rhymed co uplets. Most of the lines contain seven syllables. There iH) Theme Man-made phenomena (inventions), their purposes and friendless effects, e.g. technical progress, nuclear power etc. Reflect on religious aspects is there an almighty God? Does he renounce the control of nature, its creatures and man-made evils?3) Definitions verso unexpected series of events which causes the action in a narrative to switch directionRecognition when a character realizes the error of his ways and attempted to make it right Tragic Flaw a personality flaw of the hero, which causes the character to make choices which seals their fate Exposition background information before the action of the story begins lift Action general introduction of characters and setup for the climaxCrisis when the main character decides what she/he will do and commits to it.Climax is the turning point of the storyResolution when loose ends are tied up and characters reflect on what happened and what they learned3) Antig oneExposition Polyneices and Eteocles are two brother who fight on the enemy sides of a war. They have both died in battle. The new leader of Creon commands that Eteocles will be honored but Polyneices will not be.Rising Action Polyneices will not be given a holy burial, and the animals will eat him. Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead brothers. Antigone patchs with Ismere to buy Polyneices. Ismene refuses to help because if they are caught disobeying they will be assign to death.Crisis Antigone becomes this tragedys hero and is going to bury Polyneices himself. Creon finds out the body has been buried and orders the sentry to seek out the person who buried him. He soon locates Antigone. She does not deny what she did. Soon her sister is also taken. The sisters are locked up temporarily. Haemon who is Creons son, and the Antigones fiance promises his fuck off his alliance.Haemon tries to talk his stupefy out of putting to death Antigone but when he refuses, Haem on fights with his father. Creon imprisons Antigone in a cave. Teiresias, the prophet warns that the gods will be unhappy with Creon if he continues to hold Antigone. The prophet tells Creon that he will lose his children, Greece will dispie him, and the offerings made by Thebes will not be take overed gy the gods.Climax Creon decides to free Antigone and bury Polyneices. However he is too late, he gets notice that Haemon and Antigone have both killed themselves. Upon hearing the news, Creons wife Eurydice kills herself.Resolution Creon realizes that everything that has happened to him he causes himself. He knows his actions were wrong and the Gods did not approve.Reversal and Recognition Antigone and Creon fight over whether or not it is morally right to bury Polyneices properly. Reversal occurs when Creon is told that his children will die, and he will loose the respect of Greece. Recognition comes when Creon takes the adivce of counsel and attempts to make things right by per mit Antigone go and burying Polyneices.Tragic Flaw Antigones sad flaw is her own arrogance. She insists she is right and must bury Polneices, and even after she is caught she continues to plead her graphic symbol Creon by telling him he wrong and she is right.Tragedy Themes and Structure Antigone chooses to bury Polynecies and in doing so has accepted her punished and fate of being buried alive. Creon chooses to not bury Polyneices and chooses to cave up Antigone in doing so, even though he is counseled not to he seals his fate of loosing everything he values in the world.3) settlementRising Action Hamlet is the son of Denmark who has recently been died. Hamlets uncle (Claudius) then marries Hamlets mother (Gertrude). Hamlet thinks that Claudius might have killed his father to become the kind of Denmark. Hamlets fathers ghost appears to two officers and eventually Hamlet himself. The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius did kill his father.Crisis Hamlet then begins to plot to ave nge his fathers death. Hamlet begins to act like a madman, and it isnt entirely clear if he is truly insane or just pretending. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, friends of Hamlet, are sent to spy on him by Gertrude. Claudius sends Hamlet to England, and tells Ophelia (who may be in a relationship with Hamlet) not to associate with Hamlet any longer.Climax Before leaving Hamlet puts on a play re-enacting the Kings death in hopes of getting Claudius to admit to the murder. Instead he becomes enraged.Resolution Hamlets mother tries to reason with Hamlet. Polonius, Ophelias father, spies on them, and Hamlet kills him. Claudius does send Hamlet to England with secret orders to have Hamlet killed. But Hamlet finds out and is not killed. Ophelia ends up going man and killing herself. Hamlet is captured by pirates and is returned to Claudius. Claudius arranges a sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes. Hoping Laertes will kill Hamlet with a poison sword tip.The victory cup is also poisoned ju st in case Laertes is not successful. . During the fight the poison drink is offered to Hamlet, who declines and the mogul ends up drinking it, and dies. Hamlet switches swords with Laertes, who then dies. As he dies he admits Claudius did murder the King of Denmark. Laertes dies, Hamlet stabs and kills Claudius and Hamlet dies.Recognition and Reversal When Hamlet re-enacts his fathers death in the play preformed in front of Claudius and Gertrude is the unexpected event that cause Claudius to realize that Hamlet does know that he is responsible for his fathers murder. Claudius recognizes that he must get rid of Hamlet if he wants to continue to be the King of Denmark.Tragic Flaw Hamlets tragic flaw is that he is loyal and is consumed with avenging his fathers murder.Tragedy Themes and Structure When Hamlet decides to avenge his fathers death he is also accept his fate of a similar end. He knows he must murder, and also die to make right the wrongs that were committed against his father, the King of Denmark. When Clauidius and Gertrude choose to betray the king and murder him, they choose their fate to die just like the King. They do not realize their fate until after Hamlet performs his play.4) Biographical Critical system Understanding the history of an author is extremely important in fancying the reasons why he wrote, the way he wrote, and what he was trying to communicate in his writing. Biographical information can be very expansive covering the life and times of an author and his / her views on multiple topics. It can also be very particular and center only on key plot points in the text. For example understanding Hemmingways life he was an alcoholic, he was in World War II, and womanizer certainly can shed light on his short story A Clean Well-Lighted Place. Without that biographical information the story makes very little sense.4) Deconstructive Critical Theory Deconstruction is a movement in literary criticism that questions traditional assu mptions of identity, truth, and certainty. Critics using this method believe that text contains no meaning. Meaning only exists in the minds of the reader. This is extremely interesting approach and explains while two students reading the same piece of text can have different views about what the poem is about and what the author was trying to convey to the reader.The readers past experience greatly effects the meaning he may draw from a piece of literature. The poem To an Athlete Dying Young by AE Housman, can be interpreted in many different ways. Some people believe that the poem is an actual eulogy, a fathers thoughts about the lost of his son, a man speaking to himself as a young man, etc. The views arent based on the text but on the meaning that the reader draws from that text. Without deconstructive critical theory we would have to accept the traditional view that this poem is a eulogy.5) I think Historical Critical Theory is the most limited. I do think it is important to un derstand the historical context a piece of literature is written in. It is also important to have a general information about the details of specific historical events of that given time period. However, I think that the reader often gets bogs down in history and misses parts of the prose that are really important like dictation, metaphor, rhyme, irony, and most importantly personal experience.For example in Chopins The Story of an Hour, the reader could research the historic events that occurred in the late 19th century. We could take note of the relationship between men and women this time, and write a whole paper about relationships and the dominance of women in the time period. In doing that the reader misses the humor, the sharp teetotal edge, the wit, and the social satire Chopin so skillfully employs.LiteratureREGION XIII CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on F ebruary 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is reported that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chin ese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15% Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87% Hiligayon, by 2. 87% and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Catholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land us es Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00 to 10 30 N. atitude and 125 15 to 126 30 E. longitude. It is bounded o n the north by the Bohol Sea on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the countrys total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga pic Province/City Capital Population Area(km? ) Pop. Density (per km? ) Agusan del Norte Cabadbaran City 285,570 1,773. 2 161. Agusan del Sur Prosperidad 559,294 8,966. 0 62. 4 Dinagat Islands San Jose 530,281 3,009. 27 176. 22 Surigao del Norte Surigao City 481,416 1,936. 9 175. 8 Surigao del Sur Tandag City 501,808 4,552. 2 110. 2 Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor thats why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalangs magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once Assistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Childrens Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Childrens Fiction by the Likhaan UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in childrens literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo or Manuvu means person or people it may also have been originally Mansuba from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning river people. A third derivation is from Banobo, the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from man meaning first, aboriginal and tuvu meaning grow, growth. Manobo is the hispanized fo rm. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term Proto-Manobo to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subgroups are Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Is land, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966 Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Ago sto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagong kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J. Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalangs adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalangs life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the brides parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalangs legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The Kalagans, called Caragans by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agu san province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reportedby whom? that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality theres a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if youre not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but dont worry about it because God dont give us trials that we cant survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if theres a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldnt depend in miracle always because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we cant like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.