Gerontology An Umbrella Term Covering A Wide Range Of...

Gerontology is an umbrella term covering a wide range of professions that study various aspects of aging including social, psychological, cognitive and biological. Unlike geriatrics, a more familiar term that most associate with aging, gerontology is concerned specifically with the social, psychosomatic and biological facets of aging. It is the study of aging across the lifespan, while geriatrics is focused on the aging process amongst only older adults and is associated with internal medicine. Gerontology might predict life expectancy, while the purpose of geriatrics is to improve the life expectancy of older people through an understanding and promotion of good health. A gerontologist, then, is a health care specialist whose work focusses on the effects of aging. Gerontologists are concerned with four area of aging: 1) Chronological aging which is focussed on the years a person has lived since they were born 2) Biological aging meaning the physical changes a person experiences throughout their lifespan 3) Psychological aging which refers to emotional, perceptual, cognitive and adaptive changes 4) Social aging which covers the changes in relationship and roles within the family and the productive roles of individuals with organizations they might be connected to. Gerontologists work in a variety of environments including long-term care facilities, clinical practice, counselling centres, hospice services, home health care services, research communities and government

The Role Of Socialization And Its Effects On Society

Societies are glued together by people sharing core values and beliefs and behavioural patterns. Without some form of agreement between one another in society there would be social chaos. For example if someone was to come up to you in the street and kiss you, you would be shocked and maybe scared. This is why society needs people to behave predictably so that we can contain some kind of social order. Socialisation is the passing on of culture from person to person. It is a process in which people turn into members of a social culture by teaching them norms and values and language, knowledge and customs. There are two agents of socialisation, Primary socialisation is where your parents teach you the norms and values you need to live in a†¦show more content†¦Peer groups, are of very similar social status and socialises individuals into deviance or conforming. Different youth subcultures sometimes encourage deviant behaviour upon other individuals. Religion also conforms peop le to society as they oppose to theft and murder and teaches respect to their elders and also follows the ruling class system as you listen to those with a higher status than you. Mass media, this is a really powerful social agent as it is powerful in shaping norms and values, some sociologists believe that mass media has over taken religion in being the main secondary socialisation agent due to its powerful abilities to change people s views on things such as weight and the way women are portrayed. After all this socialisation we then socialise into different types of culture, High culture, this culture is seen to have an intellectual or artistic feature towards it which has high value such as classical iusic, ballet, opera, fine art, polo, lacrosse, horse racing at Royal Ascott. There are distinct characteristics of high culture. High Culture is associated with the elites of society, the wealthy and educated people, to be in high culture you need a certain kind of education, such as Harvard or Oxford. They are intellectual and found in special places. The second is Popular culture, this is culture that is

In Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only...

In Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play assume that, since they are English, they are superior and foreign characters (like Othello the Moor) are inferior. This is not questioned much at all, and in fact it is assumed outright that Othello is indeed a lesser man because of his skin color and the ways in which characters like Iago and Roderigo treat him. While an early modern audience would accept this concept without hesitation, an audience of today’s age is left to question whether Othello is actually acting out because of the societal pressures, beliefs, and actions put upon him, or because he is inherently different as a person who is not white. While Shakespeare seems to think†¦show more content†¦All of these insults are packed into only the first scene of the play—there are dozens more sprinkled throughout, used commonly by Iago and Roderigo, most often behind Othello’s back than to his face. This ever-constant presence of racism when regarding Othello is proof of Iago’s plot: to degrade and insult and trick Othello into believing that he is subpar, and therefore trusting in Iago’s accusations of Desdemona’s infidelity. But why does Iago despise Othello so much? The answer is in the text, both explicitly and implicitly. When Roderigo mentions Othello in the opening scene, Iago states that he is angered by the appointment of Othello as general, and the appointment of Cassio as his officer. He states that â€Å"by the faith of man†¦I am worth no worse of a price† suggesting that he believes he should have been honored with a similar military position (1.1.10-11). He goes on then to suggest that Cassio is not a fit officer, as he is â€Å"a great arithmetician†¦a Florentine†¦that never set a squadron in the field†Ã¢â‚¬â€in short, Cassio is too theoretical and inexperienced to be of any use as an officer (1.1.18-2 1). In addition to his jealousy of Othello’s power, Iago must also be jealous of Othello’s wife Desdemona. While waking up her father Brabanzio to warn him of his daughter’s so-called treachery in marrying and

The Crucible Vs The Scarlet Letter Essay Example For Students

The Crucible Vs The Scarlet Letter Essay Two hundred years ago, the church was the center of life in many New England towns. The church provided not only religions guidance but, was a place for social gathering and a chance for neighbors to keep in touch. This is shown in depth in Boston, by Nathaniel Hawthornes, The Scarlet Letter and in Salem, by Arthur Millers, The Crucible.Both towns are perfect models of the churches affect on their communities. Both towns were settled by immigrants from England seeking religious freedom from the theocracies in Europe. In each town the church became a leading force in the local government. The church could influence the courts to impose legal penalties on crimes against the Ten Commandments. Crimes such as adultery, in The Scarlet Letter, and worshiping other gods, The Crucible, were violations of the commandments and carried significant civil penalties. The church influenced the community to keep the community together, and to prevent any kind of disunity that might challenge the chur chs institutional values. In The Scarlet Letter, Boston even held special Election Day sermons. These were then followed by a special procession given by the town for the minister whom they so loved. However, these beloved church leaders were not the perfect devout workers of God that they professed to be. Reverend Dimmesdale, was an adulterer and father of an illegitimate child. Reverend Danforth of The Crucible, was a money hungry old man who appeared to be preaching for his own greedy, personal gain. Both men, however, were allowed to get away with their sins for a while because no one dared question the people who gave them their spiritual enlightenment. These men were, after all, the same men who were responsible for the church that stood at the center of not only the town, but also the morality and values that guided the lives of the people who lived in it. It is somewhat ironic that in both novels, the persecution of women in puritan communities for crimes, which were sins against the church, took plac e in religious societies formed by those seeking relief from religious persecution. In each book, persecution of those who dared be different by breaking the communities accepted religious values, is apparent. Hester, the adulteress, and Abigail, the adulteress witch, were both persecuted for their actions.In conclusion, it is very clear that the common theocratic theme of societal values based on puritanical religious beliefs controlled the day-to-day lives of the communities in The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible. The effect that religious conformity had on the lives of the community and persecution for nonconformity can not be overlooked in these works of Hawthorne or Miller. Bibliography:Make it up